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The Judiciary of the Czech Republic is set out in Constitution, which defines courts as independent institutions within the traditional framework of checks and balances.〔Czech Republic. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ("The System of Independent Courts." ) ''(Hello Czech Republic (Czech Republic - The Official Website) )''. Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí ČR, 01 Jan. 2010. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.〕 The whole Chapter Four of the Constitution of the Czech Republic is dediacted to defining the role of the judicial power in the Czech Republic. It states the main function of courts of law is the protection of rights in a manner defined by legislation, and gives them sole responsibility for deciding guilt and penalty for criminal offences.〔Constitution, Art. 90〕 Courts are defined as independent,〔Constitution, Art. 81〕 although their administration is in the hands of the Ministry of Justice. Czech courts are presided over by professional judges, who are named for life by the President and normally may not be recalled or transferred against their will.〔Constitution, Art. 82〕 The Czech Republic has a four-tier system of courts and two-instance proceedings.〔European Union. European Commission. ("The System of Courts in the Czech Republic". ) ''European Judicial Atlas in Civil Matters.'' European Commission, 28 Feb. 2007. Web. 7 Dec. 2012.〕 Majority of higher courts are seated in Brno, so as to provide a counterbalance to the concentration of power in the capital ('). == Courts == While the broad strokes are set out in the Constitution and the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms,〔Charter..., Chapter Five: The Right to Judicial and Other Legal Protection〕 the organization of the judiciary is detailed in the Act No. 6/2002 Coll. on Courts and Judges.〔(zákon č. 6/2002 Sb. o soudech, soudcích, přísedících a státní správě soudů a o změně některých dalších zákonů (zákon o soudech a soudcích) )〕 The four tiers of Czech courts are:〔〔〔The four levels are specifically named in the Constitution, Art. 91〕 # 2 supreme courts (') – one for ordinary and one for administrative matters # 2 high courts (') – one in Prague and one in Olomouc # 8 regional courts (') # 86 district courts (') There are three different jurisdictions:〔''〕 * courts of general jurisdiction * administrative courts * the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic The latter two are specialised jurisdictions – if a matter is not assigned to them specifically (by legislation), it will be dealt with the courts of general jurisdiction.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Judiciary of the Czech Republic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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